- Genetic predisposition and weak connective tissue
- Permanent/prolonged wearing of tight or pointed footwear (women are affected far more often)
- Hormonal influences that loosen the connective tissue
- Inflammatory diseases
- Splayfoot or other forefoot deformities
- Muscular imbalances in the foot
- Overuse in everyday life or during sport
- Injuries
Hallux Valgus
Symptoms
Your orthopaedic specialist for bunions in Innsbruck.
A hallux valgus is a common reason for visiting an orthopaedic surgeon. When the big toe increasingly tilts outward and a painful bunion forms on the inner edge of the foot, it is an indication of hallux valgus. The so-called bunion is one of the most common forefoot deformities worldwide and can be both aesthetically bothersome and functionally very restrictive.
A hallux valgus usually develops gradually, with slight foot pain or feelings of pressure occurring initially. Later, pain caused by the hallux valgus can occur when walking, standing, or wearing shoes. Early orthopaedic evaluation is crucial to slow the progression of the deformity and initiate suitable therapeutic measures.
As an experienced hallux valgus orthopaedic specialist, Dr. Gregor Pittl supports patients in Innsbruck with precise diagnostics and individually tailored, initially conservative treatment approaches.
Dr. Gregor Pittl
Medically reviewed by
Specialist in Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology
Dr. Gregor Pittl is a specialist in orthopaedics, orthopaedic surgery and traumatology and worked for ten years, most recently as a senior physician, at the University Clinic for Orthopaedics Innsbruck. His focus is on the conservative and surgical treatment of joint wear (arthrosis) as well as regenerative therapy methods such as ACP autologous blood therapy.
Last medically reviewed on 28. September 2026
More about Dr. Gregor Pittl
How does a hallux valgus (bunion) develop?
Cause
A bunion is caused by a misalignment in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe: the big toe deviates outward, while the metatarsal bone shifts inward. This creates the typical protrusion on the inner edge of the foot.
In orthopaedic practice, it is evident that several factors can contribute to the development of a hallux valgus. It is often a combination of genetic predisposition, incorrect loading, and external influences. If left untreated, hallux valgus pain can intensify and cause restrictions.
Common causes of hallux valgus
Symptoms of a bunion
Symptoms
Symptoms often begin inconspicuously and increase as the misalignment progresses. The extent of the visual deformity does not always correlate directly with the severity of the pain. Dr. Pittl offers conservative and regenerative therapies for hallux valgus.
It is advisable to consult a hallux valgus orthopaedist early on if
symptoms such as the following occur:
- Protruding bone
- Redness, swelling and/or inflammation at the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe due to constant pressure from footwear
- Sensitivity to touch and foot pain under load
- Bursitis
- Resting pain and start-up pain
- Displacement or misalignment of other toes
Diagnosis & treatment of a hallux valgus
Treatment
An accurate diagnosis forms the basis of every successful treatment. As a hallux valgus orthopaedist in Innsbruck, Dr. Pittl places great importance on a structured orthopaedic examination, which proceeds as follows:
- Detailed medical history: footwear, pain progression, load
- Clinical examination of foot statics and mobility
- Assessment of misalignments and pressure zones
- If necessary: X-rays to assess the degree of misalignment
Conservative therapy for hallux valgus
Not every bunion requires surgery. Especially in the early stages, hallux valgus pain and deformities can often be alleviated conservatively. The main goal is to relieve pain, inhibit inflammation, and slow the progression of the deformity as much as possible. Possible treatment approaches for this would be:
- Orthopaedic insoles to relieve pressure on the forefoot
- Hallux valgus splints: Mechanically pull the toe toward its normal position
- Foot gymnastics & physiotherapy to strengthen the foot muscles
- Anti-inflammatory measures for irritation
Your hallux valgus specialist in Innsbruck
Dr. Gregor Pittl
In most cases, a hallux valgus or bunion worsens if left untreated and can lead to persistent foot pain in the long term. Early assessment by a hallux valgus orthopaedist helps to take appropriate measures in good time.
Contact us if you have symptoms in the forefoot area or notice changes. Dr. Gregor Pittl is happy to be your point of contact for hallux valgus in Innsbruck – also available for private consultations upon request.
Frequently Asked Questions
When should a hallux valgus be examined by an orthopedic specialist?
If pain occurs, the deformity visibly worsens, or walking and wearing shoes becomes increasingly difficult, an examination by a hallux valgus orthopedic specialist such as Dr. Pittl should be arranged.
Does hallux valgus always cause pain?
Not always. However, many people affected develop pain over time, especially with weight-bearing.
Why does hallux valgus occur more frequently in women?
Hormonal factors and changes (e.g. due to pregnancy or menopause), connective tissue structure, and footwear habits play a role.
Does a Hallux Valgus always worsen over time?
Usually, yes, at least if contributing factors such as splayfoot or inappropriate footwear persist. Due to the altered pull direction of the tendons, the big toe is progressively pulled further out of its natural axis with every load (e.g., when walking).
When does a bunion require surgery?
Surgery is medically indicated when pain severely limits daily life, work, or sports, and quality of life declines. Dr. Pittl’s primary approach is always conservative treatment.